WHAT IS CANCER? TYPES , CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, BREAST CANCER? WHY IS CANCER SO DEADLY? DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT

 WHAT IS CANCER? TYPES , CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, WHY IS CANCER SO DEADLY? DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT

• CANCER DEFINITION:
• TYPES
• CAUSES
• SYMPTOMS
•  WHAT IS BREAST CANCER?
• CANCER IS DADLY / TREATABLE
• DIAGNOSIS
• TREATMENT

WHAT IS CANCER?

Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer develops when the body's normal control mechanisms stop working. Old cells do not die and instead grow out of control, forming new, abnormal cells. These extra cells form a mass of tissue called a tumor. Some cancers, such as leukemia, do not cause tumors.

Cancer can occur anywhere in the body. Among women, cancer is the most common. In men, it is prostate cancer. Lung cancer and colorectal cancer mostly affect both men and women.

TYPES OF CANCER:

Our bodies are made up of billions of cells. The cells are so small that we can only see them under a microscope. 

Cells group together to make up the tissues and organs of our bodies. They are very similar. But vary in some ways because body organs do very different things. For example, nerves and muscles do different things, so the cells have different structures.

There are more than 200 types of cancer and we can classify cancers according to where they start in the body, such as breast cancer or lung cancer.  

We can also group cancer according to the type of cell they start in.

Five Types Mention Here

1- Carcinoma

 This cancer begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. There are different subtypes, including adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma

2- Sarcoma

  This cancer begins in the connective or supportive tissues such as bone, cartilage, fat, muscle or blood vessels

3- Leukaemia / Cancer Of Blood Cells

 This is cancer of the white blood cells. It starts in the tissues that make blood cells such as the bone marrow.  

4- Lymphoma And Myeloma 

These cancers begin in the cells of the immune system Open a glossary item

5- Brain And Spinal Cord Cancers

 These are known as central nervous system cancers

Causes Of Cancer:

1. Tobacco products

It is estimated that tobacco products will kill 1 billion people this century, many of them from cancer. Tobacco use is estimated to cause 22% of cancers worldwide and contribute to many other diseases. Laboratory tests have not yet identified the potential long-term effects of the novel electronic nicotine delivery system on cancer risk.

2. Infectious agents

Infections and chronic infections account for approximately 13% of cancers worldwide or 2.2 million cases per year, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as sub-Saharan Africa:

Bacteria are responsible for some colon cancers. Treatment with a combination of antimicrobial drugs is a potential cure;

Most cases of liver cancer are caused by a chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus and the hepatitis C virus. Vaccines and antiviral agents are effective.

Some carcinogenic infections, such as macro parasitic infections, are also important causes of cancer in the local population.

3. Alcohol consumption

Alcohol consumption

 Worldwide, 3.0 million deaths or 4.2% of all cancer deaths are associated with: **** cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma), colon, ******, liver and intrahepatic bile duct, larynx.

Although there is evidence of a causal link between alcohol consumption and cancer development, most people in the general population are unaware of it.

4. Sunlight and ultraviolet radiation

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation

In addition to its beneficial biological effects, including initiating vitamin D synthesis, it causes the development of skin tumors in both melanoma and non-melanoma.

The main source of human exposure to UV radiation is solar radiation, although most people are exposed to artificial tanning equipment (sun lamps and sunbeds are now classified as "carcinogenic to humans" by the IARC). There is empirical evidence for epidemiological evidence that childhood sunstroke is a major risk factor for melanoma development.

The most effective way to reduce the incidence of skin cancer is to avoid unnecessary sun exposure, prevent tanning equipment and use effective protective measures.

5. Ionizing radiation and radio frequency electromagnetic fields, including mobile phones

Ionizing radiation (powerful subatomic cells, including X-rays and gamma rays and neutrons, β- and α-cells).

The delay between exposure to ionizing radiation and the increased risk of cancer varies from many years to several decades. Public exposure is derived from the environment (natural resources, representing 80% of the average dose) and artificial resources. These include medical diagnostic procedures, cancer radiotherapy but also weapons testing, nuclear power plant accidents or professional exposure to nuclear workers. These exposures have been shown to increase the risk of leukemia and other cancers with increasing radiation dose exposure.

While the results of studies at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine confirm an additional risk for thyroid cancer, there is no additional risk for radiation-induced cancer due to preventive measures followed after the Fukushima risk.

For ionizing radiation in nuclear workers, analyzes have shown an important association between leukemia (excluding chronic lymphoblastic leukemia), and colon risk and solid cancer risk in large marrow.

For mobile phones, most epidemiological studies do not support their use and the association between tumors. However, it is not yet known what the emerging Long Term Evolution (LTE) 1 network (4G) or 5G status will be. Keeping the mobile phone away from the body during transmission is the simplest and most effective precautionary measure.

6. Diet and nutrition

There are many factors that influence the diet and nutrition on cancer risk, some negative and some beneficial. The most important and major risk factors for many types of cancer are the effects of diet on overweight and obesity, which can contribute to the effects of diet.

Possible factors include high sugar and energy, low dietary fiber and micronutrients, preservatives and other ingredients included in the diet, carcinogens that occur in highly processed foods, as well as sedentary lifestyles.

A whole healthy food pattern that emphasizes avoiding alcohol and sugar-sweetened drinks and emphasizing the replacement of refined carbohydrates is especially important. It reduces the risk of colorectal cancer by consuming salt, red meat and especially processed meats at the same time.

It is important to note that, although moderate consumption of fruits and vegetables may have some benefits, it may have a lower impact on cancer risk than previously thought.

Contrary to studies reported in the 1970s, recent research has suggested that coffee may reduce the risk of liver and endometrial cancers and possibly other cancers.

7. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and obesity

Lack of physical activity, sedentary behavior and obesity make up 20% to 40% of all cancers. In fact there is strong epidemiological evidence that being physically active reduces the risk of bladder, , colon, endometrium, kidney and esophageal cancers. There is also limited evidence for the association of these factors with other cancers such as gallbladder, mouth, prostate and stomach. Changing personal behavior reduces the risk of many non-communicable diseases, including cancer.

8. Dietary carcinogens

Dietary carcinogens include complex compounds such as natural and single-specific agents, aflatoxins, as well as the consumption of processed meat, which the IARC recently classified as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1). However, the relative roles of individual agents in these products or the classes of chemical carcinogens, and exposure to food carcinogens 20-40 years ago, have not been addressed.

9. Contamination of air, water, soil and food

Pollution of air, water, soil and food by environmental factors is widespread and includes a large number of agents emitted by various sources, mainly transportation, power generation, industrial activities, combustion of biomass, and heating of the house and food with wood. By burning fuel for cooking. Responsible for a large number of cancer cases.

With nearly 350,000 people dying of lung cancer worldwide in 2017, air pollution is crucial to the environmental cancer burden on the human population.

Internal emissions from domestic combustion of coal are classified as "carcinogenic to humans". Radon and construction and construction materials (glue, formaldehyde, lead in paint or pipe, and asbestos 2) or other sources of second-hand tobacco smoke carcinogens.

Drinking water, or water used for agricultural or recreational activities, may be contaminated by naturally occurring carcinogenic contaminants (such as arsenic), persistent chemical pollutants related to human activity, or by seapage from contaminated soil.

In the case of pesticides, despite the wide potential exposure, few studies are currently available that can assess and classify the relationship between specific pesticides and long-term exposure to cancer risk. One group of pesticides (currently unused inorganic arsenic compounds) is a pesticide contaminant (dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrochlorodibenzo-paradioxine, TCDD), and two pesticides with limited current use, linden and pentoxifylline. It is also used as a biocide, both of which are no longer approved in the European Union and are classified by the IARC as "Carcinogenic to Human" (Group 1). However, certain pesticides and their use are restricted or prohibited.

10. Occupational risk

Office exposure to occupational conditions and many well-recognized carcinogens can lead to a significant number of cancer cases (between 2% and 8% in high-income countries) because of the high number of known human carcinogens in the workplace. Detected asbestos, crystalline silica and diesel engine exhaust major contributors.

Challenges in the search for commercial carcinogens usually involve a long period of time between exposure to carcinogens and the development of cancer. Hence the need for information on workers being exposed to cancer many years before cancer strikes.

Meanwhile, many successful regulations and programs have been created in many countries and regions of the world over the past decades to eliminate or reduce the risk of cancer in the workplace.

11. Medications

 A range of hormonal and drug drugs, especially those that have been used for decades, have been found to cause specific cancers. Although it is problematic for many people to evaluate the potential cancer effects of  of drugs, depending on the length of time required for any cancer risk to arise. medicine The drug is used.  phenacetin are among the drugs that have been widely discontinued due to their risk of cancer.

 Some types of contraception and menopausal hormone replacement therapy have been linked to an increase in cancer cases.

Cytotoxic drugs, especially those used in chemotherapy, can cause secondary cancer and their use must take into account these and other adverse effects.

SYMPTOMS OF CANCER

Cancer causes many symptoms, but most often these symptoms are caused by disease, injury, benign tumors or other complications. If you have symptoms that do not improve after a few weeks, see your doctor so that problems can be identified and treated as soon as possible. Often, cancer does not cause pain, so do not wait to feel pain before seeing a doctor.

Some of the symptoms of cancer are:

1-Breast Change

A lump or stiff feeling  your breast or your arm.

 Change or Release from nipple.

Skin itching, redness, scaling, scaling or cracking

2-The Bladder Changes

Difficulty urinating

Pain during urination

Blood In the urine.

Bleeding or injuries for no known reason

 3- Change Bowel

• Blood in the stool.
• Bowel Change in habits.
• Cough or hoarseness.

4-Eating problems

• Pain after eating (heartburn or indigestion).
• Difficulty swallowing.
• Abdominal pain.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Change in appetite.
• Severe and persistent fatigue.
• Unexplained fever or night sweats.

5- The mouth rotates / Changes

• White or red spots on the tongue or in your mouth.
• Bleeding, pain or numbness in the lips or mouth.
• Nerve problems
• Headache.
• Recovery /seizures.
• Change of vision.
• Hearing changes.
• Facial fall / Drooping.

6-Skin Changes

• The flesh turns into a colored lump bleeding or scaly.
• Change in new mole or existing mole.
• Untreated pain.
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whitening of the eyes).
• Swelling or lump anywhere like neck, armpits, abdomen and groin.
• Unexplained weight gain or weight loss.

Anyone with these signs and symptoms should consult their physician; These symptoms can also arise from non-cancerous conditions.

Many cancers appear with some of the common symptoms mentioned above but often one or more symptoms are more specific to the type of cancer. For example, lung cancer may be accompanied by general symptoms of pain, but the pain is usually in the chest. The patient may have abnormal bleeding, but bleeding usually occurs when the patient coughs. Patients with lung cancer often experience shortness of breath and later become very tired.

 BREAST CANCER IN WOMEN:

Cancer that occurs in cells. After skin cancer,  cancer is the most common cancer among women in the United States.  Cancer can occur in both men and women, but it is more common in women.

Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. There are different kinds of breast cancer. The kind of breast cancer depends on which cells in the breast turn into cancer.

Breast cancer can begin in different parts of the breast. A breast is made up of three main parts: lobules, ducts, and connective tissue. The lobules are the glands that produce milk. The ducts are tubes that carry milk to the nipple. The connective tissue (which consists of fibrous and fatty tissue) surrounds and holds everything together. Most breast cancers begin in the ducts or lobules.

Breast cancer can spread outside the breast through blood vessels and lymph vessels. When breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body, it is said to have metastasized.

WHY IS CANCER SO DEADLY?

Tumors or blood flow in cancer cells or organs can interfere with organs function. They can destroy healthy cells in the organs, inhibit their nutrient or oxygen supply and allow waste products to build up. If the cancer becomes too severe it can impair or inhibit vital ***** function, leading to death. 

From the potential complications of treatment to the possibility of leaving a loved one grieving, there is an almost inexplicable horror. This terrible disease is widespread. According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), it is estimated that 1.7 million people will be diagnosed with cancer in the United States in 2018. By the end of the year, an estimated 610,000 people had died from the disease.

Although the emotional and physical number of cancers is often obvious, it can be confusing how cancer can kill someone. Is it due to cancer? Or is cancer in general a more indirect consequence of how it affects a person’s health? And what kind of cancer does it depend on for a person?

DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER:

1-Laboratory Testing

High or low levels of certain substances in your body can be a sign of cancer. So, laboratory tests of your blood,  or other body fluids that measure these substances can help doctors make a diagnosis. However, abnormal laboratory results are not a sure sign of cancer. Learn more about lab tests and how they are used to diagnose cancer.

Some laboratory tests involve testing blood or tissue samples for tumor markers. Tumor markers are substances produced by cancer cells or other cells in the body in response to cancer. Most tumor markers are made by normal cells and cancer cells, but are produced on a much larger scale by cancer cells. Learn more about tumor markers and how they are used to diagnose cancer.

2-Imaging Test

Imaging tests make pictures of the areas inside your body that help the doctor tell if there is a tumor. These images can be made in several ways:

3- CT Scan

A CT scan uses an X-ray machine attached to a computer that takes a series of images of your limbs from different angles. These images are used to create detailed 3-D images inside your body.

Sometimes, you may receive dye or other contrast material before scanning. You can swallow the dye, or give it intravenously. Contrast material helps to make images easier to read by highlighting certain areas of the body.

During a CT scan, you lie on a table that slides into a donut-shaped scanner. The whistle machine moves around you taking pictures. Learn more about CT scans and how they are used to diagnose cancer.

4- MRI

An MRI uses a powerful magnet and radio waves to take pictures of your body. These pieces are used to create detailed images inside your body that show the difference between healthy and unhealthy tissue.

When you have an MRI, you lie on a table pushed into a long, round room. The MRI machine produces loud thumping and rhythmic beats.

Sometimes, a special color can be injected into your vein before or during your MRI exam. This color, called a contrast agent, makes tumors appear brighter in photographs.

5-Nuclear Scan

A nuclear scan uses radioactive material to take pictures inside the body. This type of scan is also known as a radionuclide scan.

Prior to this scan, you receive an injection of a small amount of radioactive material, sometimes called a tracer. It flows through your bloodstream and is deposited in certain bones or organs.

During the scan, a machine called a scanner detects and measures the radioactivity in your body while you lie down on a table, creating images of bones or organs on a computer screen or film.

After the scan, the radioactive material in your body loses its radioactivity over time. It can also leave your body through your  or stool.

6-Bone Scan

 Scan is a type of nuclear scan that looks for abnormal areas or damage to the bones. They can be used to diagnose **** cancer or cancer that has spread to the bones (also known as metastatic **** tumors).

Prior to this test, a very small amount of radioactive material is injected into your vein. As it travels through the blood, the substance collects in abnormal areas in the ****. Material collection areas are visible on images taken by a special scanner. These areas are called "hot spots".

7-Pet Scan

A PET scan is a type of nuclear scan that makes detailed 3-D images of the areas of glucose uptake inside your body. Since cancer cells often take in more glucose than healthy cells, images can be used to detect cancer in the body.

Before the scan, you will receive a tracer injection called radioactive glucose. During the scan, you lie down on a table moving back and forth through the scanner.

8-Ultrasound

Ultrasound testing uses high energy sound waves that people cannot hear. Sound waves resonate through the tissues of your body. The computer uses this echo to create images of the areas inside your body. This image is called a sonogram.

During the ultrasound test, while you are lying on the table, the technique slowly moves a device called a transducer that examines the body part. The transducer is covered with a warm gel, which makes it easy to slip on the skin.

9-X-Ray

X-rays use low doses of radiation to create images inside your body. The X-ray technique keeps you standing and directs the X-ray beam to the right part of your body. When taking pictures, you need to be very still and hold your breath for a couple of minutes.

10-Biopsy

In most cases, doctors will need a biopsy to diagnose cancer. A biopsy is a procedure in which a doctor removes a tissue sample. The pathologist looks at the tissue under a microscope and performs other tests to determine if the tissue is cancerous. The pathologist describes what was found in the pathology report, which includes details of your diagnosis. Pathology reports play an important role in diagnosing cancer and helping to determine treatment options. Learn more about pathology reports and what kind of information they contain.

A biopsy sample can be obtained in several ways:

With a needle: The doctor uses a needle to remove tissue or fluid. This method is used for  marrow aspirations, spinal taps and some, prostate and liver biopsies.

11- With Endoscopy

The doctor uses a thin, lit tube called an endoscope to examine areas inside the body. Endoscopes go into natural body openings such as the mouth or ****. If the doctor sees abnormal tissue during the examination, he or she will remove the abnormal tissue along with the surrounding normal tissue through an endoscope.

12- Colonoscopy

 It is a colon and rectum test. In this type of examination, the endoscope is passed through the mouth, allowing the doctor to examine the rectum and the colon. If the doctor sees polyps,  removes them and sends them to the lab for testing.

13- Bronchoscopy

 Which examines the airways, trachea and lungs. In this type of test, the endoscope is sent through the mouth or nose and down the throat.

With surgery: The area of ​​abnormal cells is removed during a surgical operation. The surgery may be partial or accidental.

14- In Excision Biopsy

 The surgeon removes the entire area of ​​abnormal cells. Often some of the normal tissues surrounding these cells are also removed.

On an incision biopsy, the surgeon removes only a portion of the abnormal area.

Some biopsies may require sedation or anesthesia.

Narcotics are medications that help you relax and stay very stable or sleep during a biopsy.

Anesthesia:

 Prevents pain. It refers to medications or other substances that can make you feel or lose consciousness. There are three types of anesthesia:

• Local anesthesia

 Which causes loss of sensation in a small area of ​​the body.

• Regional anesthesia

 Which causes loss of sensation in one part of the body, such as the arms or legs.

• General anesthesia

Which causes a feeling of feeling very deep sleep and loss of complete consciousness.

After Cancer Diagnosis

Biopsy and other tests If you know you have cancer, you may have more tests to help your doctor plan your treatment. For example, your doctor needs to know your cancer stage. For some cancers, it is important to know the grade of the tumor or your risk group to determine the best treatment. Your tumor can also be tested for other tumors or genetic markers.

TREATMENT OF CANCER

First aid / Primary Treatment

 The goal of first aid is to completely eliminate cancer from your body or  all cancer cells.

Any cancer treatment can be used as a primary treatment, but the most common cancer treatment is surgery for the most common cancer. If your cancer is particularly sensitive to radiation therapy or chemotherapy, you may want to take one of these treatments as your primary treatment.

Adjuvant therapy 

The goal of adjuvant therapy is to kill the cancer cells that remain after initial treatment to reduce the chance of the cancer recurring.

Any cancer treatment can be used as adjuvant therapy. Common adjunctive therapies include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy.

Neoadjuvant therapy is similar, but pre-treatment is used to facilitate or make first aid more effective.

Palliative care

 Palliative therapies can help relieve the side effects of treatment or the signs and symptoms caused by cancer. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and hormone therapy can all help reduce the symptoms. Other medications can relieve symptoms such as pain and shortness of breath.

Palliative care, like other therapies, can be used to treat your cancer.

Cancer treatment options include:

Surgery

 The goal of surgery is to remove the cancer or as many cancers as possible.

Chemotherapy

 Chemotherapy involves the administration of drugs that kill the cancer cells.

Radiation Therapy

 Radiation  high energy energy rays such as X-rays or protons to strike cancer cells. Radiation therapy can come from a machine (external beam radiation) outside your body, or it can be placed inside your body (brachytherapy).

 Marrow Transplant

 Your  marrow is the substance inside your bones that makes blood cells from blood cells. A  marrow transplant, also known as a stem cell transplant, can use your own  marrow stem cells or cells obtained from a donor.

A  bone marrow transplant allows your doctor to use high doses of chemotherapy to treat your cancer. It can also be used to replace infected marrow.

Immunotherapy

 Immunotherapy, also known as biological therapy, uses your body's immune system to fight cancer. Cancer can live uncontrollably in your body because your immune system does not recognize it as an invader. Immunotherapy can help your immune system "see" cancer and attack it.

Hormone Therapy

. Some types of cancer are caused by hormones in your body. Examples include ****** cancer and prostate cancer. By removing those hormones from the body or blocking their effects, the cancer cells stop growing.

Targeted drug treatment. Targeted drug treatment focuses on specific abnormalities in cancer cells that allow them to survive.

Cryoablation.

 This treatment kills cancer cells with a cold. During cryoablation, a thin, stick-like needle (cryoprobe) is inserted through your skin and directly into the cancerous tumor. Gas is pumped into the cryoprobe to freeze the tissue. The tissue is allowed to dissolve. The process of clotting and thawing is repeated several times during the same treatment session to  the cancer cells.

Radio Frequency Ablation

This treatment uses electrical energy to heat the cancer cells so that they die. During radio frequency ablation, a physician guides a thin needle through the skin or through an incision and into the cancerous tissue. The high frequency frequency energy passes through the needle and heats up the surrounding tissue, causing the surrounding cells to die.

HOMOEOPATHICS TREATMENT

When we talk about deadly diseases , the word 'cancer' immediately comes to our mind. There is no doubt that cancer is a disease that not only completely disrupts the life of the patient but also seriously affects their family. The high cost of treatment in this case is something we are all familiar with. Unlike huge expenses, mental stress is equally taxing. That is why it is important not to take the early symptoms of cancer lightly. If the disease is detected at an early stage, its treatment will be easier.

Treatment Methods

Speaking of available treatment methods, homeopathy is an option that many are trying these days. Yes, homeopathy can also cure many types of cancers. If you ask the best oncologist about the amazing results provided by homeopathic medicines in the treatment of cancer, he will definitely confirm it. So let us help you to know about some cancers that can be cured with homeopathy.

Bile duct cancer, Ovarian cancer, Thyroid cancer, Lungs cancer

ALWAYS USE HOMOPATHY MEDICINES AFTER DOCTOR ADVISE,COMPLETE HISTORY. FOR DETAIL VISIT CHANNEL

DR.TAYYIBA AJ